2013년 11월 22일 금요일

Cassie Brehm 's blog ::Calcium needs of children







Cassie Brehm 's blog ::Calcium needs of children








Malnutrition               is               the               result               of               over-nutrition               or               under-nutrition;               and               with               it               comes               emotional               and               physiological               risks.

Under-nutrition               intensifies               the               effect               of               sickness               and               disease.

The               body               is               unable               to               provide               a               strong               immune               response               when               there               is               inadequate               nutritional               intake.

Over-nutrition               results               in               obesity.

Teenagers               who               are               experiencing               eating               disorders               are               at               high               risk               for               under-nutrition.

The               associated               risks               include               osteoporosis,               lack               of               menstrual               periods,               improper               organ               function,               physical               and               mental               disability               and               death.

Being               "as               skinny               as               a               model               or               actress"               can               prove               fatal               in               the               event               of               serious               illness.
               Childhood               obesity               carries               many               risks.

Children               who               are               significantly               overweight               are               also               more               likely               to               experience               stigmatization,               low               self-esteem               and               depression               as               a               result               of               their               weight.

A               child               who               is               obese               has               a               greater               chance               of               being               obese               as               an               adult               and               a               shorter               life               expectancy.

.

Studies               show               that               obesity               in               childhood               greatly               increases               the               risk               for               disease               later               in               life.

Obesity               in               children               may               double               the               risk               for               heart               disease               in               adulthood.

.

Obesity               in               children               also               increases               the               risk               for               type               2               diabetes,               sleep               apnea,               hypertension,               high               cholesterol,               bone               and               joint               problems,               and               certain               cancers.
               Nutritional               Needs               of               Children               and               Adolescents               (Approximate               daily               requirements)
               Grains               (fiber,               B               vitamins,               iron,               magnesium,               selenium)
               Children               ages               3               to7:               5               ounces
               Children               ages               8               to               13:               6               ounces
               Adolescents:               8               to               10               ounces
               (At               least               half               of               the               grains               should               be               whole)
               Vegetables               (fiber,               folate,               vitamin               A,               vitamin               E,               vitamin               C,               vitamin               K,               potassium)
               Children               ages               3               to               7:               1.5               cups
               Children               ages               8               to               13:               2.5               cups
               Adolescents:               3               to               4               cups
               Fruits               (antioxidants,               potassium,               fiber,               folate,               vitamin               C)
               Children               ages               3               to               7:               1.5               cups
               Children               ages               8               to               13:               2               cups
               Adolescents:               2.5               cups
               Dairy               (calcium,               potassium,               vitamin               D)
               Children               ages               3               to               7:               3               cups
               Children               ages               8               to               13:               4.5               cups
               Adolescents:               4.5               cups
               Meat               and               Beans               (iron,               zinc,               magnesium,               protein,               vitamin               E,               B               vitamins)
               Children               ages               3               to               7:               4               ounces
               Children               ages               8               to               13:               5.5               ounces
               Adolescents:               6               to               7               ounces
               Children               require               various               vitamin               and               minerals               to               grow               properly               (Daily               Requirements               in               mcg,               mg               &               g)
               Calcium               (essential               for               achieving               maximum               bone               mass)
               Children               ages               1               to               3:               500               mg
               Children               ages               4               to               8:               800               mg
               Children               ages               9               to               18:               1,300               mg
               Vitamin               D(for               calcium               absorption;               essential               for               bone               health)
               Children               ages               1               to               3:               10               mcg
               Children               ages               4               to               8:               15               mcg
               Children               ages               9               to               18:               15               mcg
               Vitamin               A               (cell               and               eye               health)
               Children               ages               1               to               3:               300               mcg
               Children               ages               4               to               8:               400               mcg
               Children               ages               9               to               13:               600               mcg
               Adolescents               ages               14               to               18:               900               mcg
               Vitamin               C               (immunity;               cell               rejuvenation)
               Children               ages               1               to               3:               15               mg
               Children               ages               4               to               8:               25               mg
               Children               ages               9               to               13:               45               mg
               Adolescents               ages               14               to               18:               75               mg
               Vitamin               E               (healthy               skin;               may               help               to               prevent               cancer               and               heart               disease)
               Children               ages               1               to               3:               6               mg
               Children               ages               4               to               8:               7               mg
               Children               ages               9               to               13:               11               mg
               Adolescents               ages               14               to               18:               15               mg
               Vitamin               K               (blood               clotting               to               prevent               excessive               bleeding)
               Children               ages               1               to               3:               1               mcg
               Children               ages               4               to               8:               1.5               mcg
               Children               ages               9               to               13:               1.5               mcg
               Adolescents               ages               14               to               18:               1.9               mcg
               Thiamin               (vitamin               B1)               (nerve               function;               energy               production)
               Children               ages               1               to               3:               0.5               mg
               Children               ages               4               to               8:               0.6               mg
               Children               ages               9               to               13:               0.9               mg
               Adolescents               ages               14               to               18:               1.2               mg
               Riboflavin               (vitamin               B2)               (energy               production;               activation               of               other               vitamins;               healing               of               injuries)
               Children               ages               1               to               3:               0.5               mg
               Children               ages               4               to               8:               0.6               mg
               Children               ages               9               to               13:               0.9               mg
               Adolescents               ages               14               to               18:               1.3               mg
               Niacin               (vitamin               B3)               (sugar,               fat               and               cholesterol               metabolism)
               Children               ages               1               to               3:               6               mg
               Children               ages               4               to               8:               8               mg
               Children               ages               9               to               13:               12               mg
               Adolescents               ages               14               to               18:               16               mg
               Vitamin               B6               (amino               acid/protein               metabolism;               growth)
               Children               ages               1               to               3:               0.5               mg
               Children               ages               4               to               8:               0.6               mg
               Children               ages               9               to               13:               1.0               mg
               Adolescents               ages               14               to               18:               1.3               mg
               Vitamin               B12               (energy               production;               nerve               health)
               Children               ages               1               to               3:               0.9               mcg
               Children               ages               4               to               8:               1.2               mcg
               Children               ages               9               to               13:               1.8               mcg
               Adolescents               ages               14               to               18:               2.4               mcg
               Folate               (Folic               Acid)               (spinal               formation               in               fetuses;               cellular               health               and               division)
               Children               ages               1               to               3:               150               mcg
               Children               ages               4               to               8:               200               mcg
               Children               ages               9               to               13:               300               mcg
               Adolescents               ages               14               to               18:               400               mcg
               Copper               (transport               of               iron)
               Children               ages               1               to               3:               340               mcg
               Children               ages               4               to               8:               440               mcg
               Children               ages               9               to               13:               700               mcg
               Adolescents               ages               14               to               18:               890               mcg
               Fluoride               (dental               health)
               Children               ages               1               to               3:               0.7               mg
               Children               ages               4               to               8:               1               mg
               Children               ages               9               to               13:               2               mg
               Adolescents               ages               14               to               18:               3               mg
               Iodine               (essential               component               to               thyroid               hormones               which               regulate               metabolic               rate,               growth               and               development               and               promote               protein               synthesis)
               Children               ages               1               to               3:               110               mcg
               Children               ages               4               to               8:               120               mcg
               Children               ages               9               to               13:               130               mcg
               Adolescents               ages               14               to               18:               150               mcg
               Iron               (structure               of               certain               proteins               and               enzymes               including               hemoglobin               which               is               responsible               for               transport               of               oxygen               and               carbon               dioxide               around               the               body               and               myoglobin               which               enhances               the               amount               of               oxygen               available               for               use               by               muscles)
               Children               ages               1               to               3:               7               mg
               Children               ages               4               to               8:               10               mg
               Children               ages               9               to               13:               8               mg
               Adolescents               ages               14               to               18:               11               mg
               Magnesium               (bone               structure;               cardiovascular               health;               blood               pressure               maintenance)
               Children               ages               1               to               3:               80               mg
               Children               ages               4               to               8:               130               mg
               Children               ages               9               to               13:               240               mg
               Adolescents               ages               14               to               18:               410               mg
               Phosphorus               (bone               strength;               structural               component               of               tissue               cells;               maintenance               of               cell               pH)
               Children               ages               1               to               3:               460               mg
               Children               ages               4               to               8:               500               mg
               Children               ages               9               to               13:               1,250               mg
               Adolescents               ages               14               to               18:               1,250
               Zinc               (involved               in               the               functioning               of               over               100               different               enzymes;               stabilization               of               cell               membranes;               mobilization               of               vitamin               A;               absorption               of               folate;               growth               and               repair               of               tissues)
               Children               ages               1               to               3:               3               mg
               Children               ages               4               to               8:               5               mg
               Children               ages               9               to               13:               8               mg
               Adolescents               ages               14               to               18:               11               mg
               Potassium               (nerve               transmission;               muscle               contraction;               fluid               balance)
               Children               ages               1               to               3:               3               g
               Children               ages               4               to               8:               3.8               g
               Children               ages               9               to               13:               4.5               g
               Adolescents               ages               14               to               18:               4.7               g
               Sodium               (nerve               transmission;               muscle               contraction;               fluid               balance)
               Children               ages               1               to               3:               1               g
               Children               ages               4               to               8:               1.2               g
               Children               ages               9               to               13:               1.5               g
               Adolescents               ages               14               to               18:               1.5               g
               *               The               notes               mentioned               next               to               eat               food               group,               vitamin               or               mineral               or               only               an               example               of               the               main               uses               of               the               vitamin               or               mineral.
               References
               http://www.MyPyramid.com
               National               Academy               of               Sciences.

(2010,               Nov.

30).

DRIs               for               Calcium               and               Vitamin               D.

Retrieved               Dec.

30,               2010,               from               Institute               of               Medicine:               http://iom.edu/Reports/2010/Dietary-Reference-Intakes-for-Calcium-and-Vitamin-D/DRI-Values.aspx
               National               Center               for               Chronic               Disease               Prevention               and               Health               Promotion.

(2010,               June               3).

Childhood               Obesity.

Retrieved               Nov.

20,               2010,               from               CDC.gov:               http://www.cdc.gov/HealthyYouth/obesity/index.htm
               Sletten,               D.

L.

(2010,               March               22).

Childhood               Obesity               and               Heart               Disease               Risk.

Retrieved               Dec.

29,               2010,               from               Suit101.com:               http://www.suite101.com/content/childhood-obesity-and-heart-disease-risk-a216567






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